Category: Economy

Zambia's copper production is on track for a record year in 2025, potentially exceeding 1 million tonnes’ for the first time giving a significant boost to its economy. The rally is driven by confidence in Zambia's copper industry recovery following a drought, leading to a strong outlook for medium-term gains. The Kwacha advanced to 22.76 per dollar, the highest since February 2024, and had risen 23% so far this year. Current exchange rate data (as of October 2025) shows the Kwacha trading at approximately K22.5 to K23.0 per dollar (since 0.044344561​≈22.55). A rate of 22.76 ZMW/USD is in line with or very close to recent figures. The overall strong performance of the Kwacha in 2025 is broadly supported by news of its rally earlier in the year, which drove inflation…

Canadian government and regulators (specifically the Department of Finance and the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions, OSFI) exercise tight control over private banks. This regulatory grip is precisely why the system is considered one of the most stable in the world. However, the Bank of Canada (BoC) and others argue that this stability comes at a significant cost: low productivity and high costs for consumers and businesses. Canada's banking system navigated the 2008 global financial crisis without any bank failures or taxpayer-funded bailouts, a feat unmatched by many other developed nations. Why? The handful of dominant banks (the "Big Six") are well-capitalized and face very strict oversight. Regulators ensure they hold massive buffers, making them highly resilient to shocks. The stability of the financial system is prioritized above…

Several reports affirm the Argentine government was in large-scale dollar selling to prop up the peso, with the estimated sales as much as over $1.3 billion to as high as $2 billion in recent sessions. The policy of employing Treasury cash (as opposed to Central Bank reserves, which are limited by the IMF) and the resultant speedy draining of those deposits were concerns reported extensively. The Central Bank of the Argentine Republic (BCRA) is prevented from using its dollar reserves freely due to the terms of its loan agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It is one of the core elements of Argentina's IMF program, which is to stabilize the economy and rebuild foreign currency buffers. The IMF agreement prohibits the Central Bank from entering the official foreign exchange…

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has launched a pilot for deposit tokenization on Wednesday, October 8, 2025. The pilot finds its initial application in tokenization of Certificates of Deposit (CDs), which are bank-issued money market instruments of short tenure that are negotiable. The aim is to digitally represent these financial products on a blockchain. The pilot focuses on institutional/wholesale business (bank-to-bank transactions) and not on retail consumers. The RBI has also shown it is testing tokenization with other money market products, such as commercial papers (CPs). This program is derived from India's Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) wholesale segment, referred to as e₹-W. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is using a permissioned, in-house-developed Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) platform for its Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) pilots, including the wholesale…

Nigeria's need to borrow $2.8 billion or other enormous amounts of money is driven by long-standing, deep-rooted economic problems, which do indicate the country is in severe fiscal pain, despite the government's contention that the overall situation is getting better. The fundamental reason for the continuous borrowing is to allow the government to finance its annual budget deficit. Nigeria has for a long time been unable to generate enough non-oil revenues (via taxes, etc.) to finance its spending. While tax-to-GDP ratios are slowly rising, they are low compared to peer countries. Being a big oil producer, government revenue is heavily vulnerable to global oil price fluctuations and domestic production issues (like oil theft). Each time prices fall or production reduces, there is a massive revenue gap. Yet, government expenditure, particularly…

Fasset company wants to use cryptocurrency technology (specifically stablecoins) to create a fully digital bank that operates according to Islamic law (Shariah). Their new provisional Malaysian license is a green light to start testing this new model, introducing modern, zero-interest, and ethical financial services to tens of millions of individuals in Asia and Africa. The act is seen as a major step toward bridging the old world of ethical Islamic finance and the new world of digital assets. About Fasset? Fasset is a global fintech company, also referred to as a "financial super-app." It started out as a digital asset exchange (i.e., an online platform where one can buy, sell, and trade cryptocurrencies and other digital tokens). With the aim to encourage financial inclusion and allow people to build their…

Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergey Ryabkov has expressed interest in extending the BRICS cross-border payment initiative into South America. While an exact recent quote is unavailable, the overall context from various BRICS reports and interviews supports the validity of this strategic goal. Ryabkov is the key official focused on bilateral ties with the Americas and Russia's participation in BRICS. He has repeatedly asserted that interest in BRICS is gaining momentum among Global South nations, including those in Latin America, and that BRICS aims to be a network for regional processes in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. BRICS Cross-Border Payment Initiative on the Roll The BRICS Cross-Border Payments Initiative remains a high priority. This includes developing a payment system (frequently referred to as "BRICS Pay" in discussions) capable of offering an…

The major economic event that has taken place in Zimbabwe is the introduction of a new national currency known as the Zimbabwe Gold (ZiG). The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) introduced the ZiG on 5 April 2024, to take over from the rapidly depreciating Zimbabwean dollar (ZWL). This launch is Zimbabwe's sixth attempt to build a solid national currency since 2008. The key objective is to correct severe currency volatility, hyperinflation, and destruction of public trust in the old currency. The ZiG is currently in a multi-currency environment, with the US dollar and other foreign currencies remaining legal tender and widely accepted for most transactions. The long-term, official strategy is for the ZiG to be the only legal tender in the country by 2030, replacing the US dollar over time…

The Ripple Labs application for a U.S. national trust bank charter by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) remains top of mind for the crypto space, especially as the deadline draws closer. Ripple Labs is seeking to charter Ripple National Trust Bank, a new (de novo) limited-purpose national trust bank. The charter is primarily for non-depository activities like custody, fiduciary, and reserve management. The main stated purpose of the bank is to offer supportive activities for Ripple's stablecoin (RLUSD) and other payment businesses, including stablecoin reserve management and related fiduciary services for institutional customers. The application was filed in July 2025 and made available in early August 2025, and the legislative 30-day public comment period has lapsed. However, much of the submission (about ≈90%) was marked confidential.…

Goldman Sachs CEO David Solomon spoke at Italian Tech Week in Turin, Italy, on Friday, October 3, 2025. He predicted a market drawdown. His warning of a "drawdown with respect to equity markets" in the coming 12 to 24 months (i.e., between October 2026 and October 2027) is a professional prognosis based on previous market history after significant technological leaps fueled by the current frenzy and investment of capital in Artificial Intelligence (AI). He likened it specifically to previous cycles of technology, like the Dotcom Bubble, where the market is prone to "run ahead of the potential" and a lot of the invested money "will prove not to deliver returns." He was careful not to outright label it as a "bubble" but noted that investors are "out on the risk…